THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON CARBON EMISSIONS IN TURKİYE: AN ARDL APPROACH

This study examines the impact of digitalization on carbon emissions in  Turkiye using annual data for the period 2000–2021, aiming to evaluate how  the country’s ongoing digital transformation influences environmental  outcomes. Three indicators fixed broadband subscriptions, internet usage,  and mobile internet subscriptions are analyzed separately, and the findings  consistently show that higher levels of digitalization tend to increase carbon  emissions. This suggests that the expansion of digital infrastructure and the growing intensity of internet use raise overall energy demand, thereby 
amplifying environmental pressures. The results also highlight that Turkiye’s  current pattern of digital growth may pose sustainability challenges unless accompanied by a cleaner and more efficient energy structure. Based on these outcomes, the study recommends promoting renewable energy use in data 
centers, strengthening energy efficiency standards for digital devices and  infrastructure, expanding smart grid and smart city applications, and  developing regulatory frameworks that encourage low-carbon digital services. Overall, the findings underline the need for Turkiye to align its  digital transformation with its energy transition to ensure a more sustainable development path.